Page 125 - Наукові записки Державного природознавчого музею, 2024 Вип. 40

124 Вовк О.Б., Орлов О.Л.

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Vovk O.B., Orlov O.L. 2008. Overview of drained flooded soils of the Transcarpathian
Lowland. Наукові записки Державного природознавчого музею. Вип. 24. С. 51–56.

Державний природознавчий музей НАН України, м. Львів
e-mail: oksana.v.soil@gmail.com, orlov0632306454@gmail.com

Vovk O.B., Orlov O.L.
The modern state of the soil cover of the Transcarpathian lowland: diversity, properties and
development dynamics of natural and anthropogenic soils
The regularities and peculiarities of the modern state of the soils of the floodplain complexes of the
Transcarpathian lowland under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors were investigated.
Prognostic modeling of the dynamics of the further development of soils and soil cover in the region was
carried out. It was established that a significant mosaic in space and dynamism characterize the soil cover
of floodplains in time. Alluvial, semi-hydromorphic, and hydromorphic soils dominate the flood plains of
Transcarpathian rivers. Alluvial soils were the dominant types in the pre-anthropogenic period. They
develop in conditions of constant soil ground water level and periodic surface flooding by floodwaters.
Alluvial sediment (silt) remains on the surface after the subsidence of flood waters and has a significant
impact on the properties, morphology, lithology and fertility of soils. The high content of dusty ground
particles in all variants of river silt ensures their rapid inclusion in the process of soil formation and
contributes to the improvement of water-physical and physic-chemical properties of alluvial soils. First of
all, alluvial soils significantly suffer from anthropogenic interference in the course of flood processes
undergo critical changes in water-physical and physic-chemical properties. After the improve of
melioration measures that regulate the flood regime in floodplains, significant areas of soil lose alluvial
features and later develop as semi-hydromorphic or hygromorphic. Drainage melioration, depending on
the further direction of soil-forming processes, can have completely different effects on soil properties.
Therefore, it is necessary to approach melioration measures very carefully, foreseeing in advance all the
consequences, which may occur on drained territories. The possible profit from the involvement to
agricultural production of drained areas can be incomparably smaller, compared to the losses for
maintaining the normal functioning of not only these areas, but also the territories adjacent to them. The
secondary anthropogenic load is often imposed on the primary hydrotechnical and reclamation soil
transformation due to the active agricultural use of drained floodplains. Depending on the duration and
method of agricultural production, soils that were formed as alluvial acquire new properties, different
from natural ones. Their soil density and soil hardness increase, the water-air regime is disrupted, and
their physical and chemical properties change. Deeply drained and additionally changed by technical
means, the soils of the hydromorphic range, after the abandonment of resource-consuming extensive
production, are left for natural self-recovery, and the further course of soil restoration processes requires
careful study and control by scientists. A mosaic natural-anthropogenic soil cover of the alluvial lowland
was formed under the combined effect of natural and anthropogenic processes, so alluvial soils need the
greatest protection and protection in fact. Such soils are part of unique floodplain complexes, the study,
preservation and protection of which should be the primary focus of both scientists and environmentalists.
Keywords: soils, antropogenic transformation, floodplain complexes, Transcarpathian lowland,
hydrotechical melioration.