Page 113 - Наукові записки Державного природознавчого музею, 2024 Вип. 40

112 Рагуліна М.Є., Орлов О.Л., Гоблик К.М., Борняк У.І., Кіт Л. Я., Дмитрук Р.Я.
Van Veen W, Mulder E., Deinema M. 1978. The Sphaerotilus-Leptothrix group of bacteria. Microbiol
Rev. Vol. 42 (2). P. 329–56.
Westhoff V., Maarel E. 1973. The Braun-Blanquet approach. Handbook of vegetation science.
Ordination and classification of vegetation. Hague. Vol. 5. P. 619–726.
Wiesner I.F. 1935. Vodstvo a minerální prameny země Podkarpatoruské. Praha: Politika. 65 s.
Winsborough, B.M. 2000. Diatoms and Benthic Microbial Carbonates. Microbial Sediments.
Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. P.758–777.

1 Державний природознавчий музей НАН України, м. Львів
e-mail: funaria@ukr.net, orlov0632306454@gmail.com
2 Ужгородський національний університет
e-mail: kschkirta@ukr.net
3 Львівський національний університет ім. І. Франка
e-mail: u.bornyak@ukr.net, kit.lyuba.lviv@gmail.com, r.ya.dmytruk@gmail.com

Ragulina M., Orlov O., Goblyk K., Borniak U., Kit L., Dmytruk R.
Biotic agents of tufa formation in сarbon dioxide enriched hard-water springs of Mizhhirya basin
and adjacent territories
The main groups of biote and their functional role in the calcareous tufa formation at the hard-
water springs enriched by carbon dioxide of the Mizhhirya basin and adjacent territories were
investigated. It has been studied that in the formation of calcareous tufa of all surveyed locations,
representatives of micro-, bryo and phytobiota play an important role, and therefore, the studied
sedimentary rock are mainly biogenic in their origin. Microbiota agents, mainly cyanobacteria of the
order Oscillatoriales, play a leading role in the initial acts of calcareous tufa accumulation (stage I).
These bacteriogenic initial forms, which can be defined as initial thromboids, are represented by small-
or medium-grained, ocher-yellow aggregates of a spherical shape, with a diameter of 0.5-2 mm, which
actively accumulate at the springs exits. These congestions (mesoclots) are growing and compacting
over time and forming weakly cemented thrombolites, which are a cluster of separate aggregates
together with particles of sand, silt, rocks, plant remains, etc. The next post-pioneer stage (II) is marked
by the appearance of specialized amphibious Bryophytes vegetation of the Pellion endiviifoliae alliance
and pioneer caliciophilic vegetation of the Grimmaldion fragrantis alliance. In the formation of
calcareous tufa deposits of the next stage (III), the leading role is played by the Bryophytes vegetation
of the Pellion endiviifoliae alliance. Their mineralized turfs are modeling light, fragile and porous
bryolithes of an ocher-brown color. Bryolithes usually contain seasonal layers richly encrusted with
leaves of trees, which growing near the spring. Base on the specificity and ecological value of the biotic
(calcicolous Bryobiota) and abiotic, primarily geological (calcareous iron tufa) component, the hard-
water tufagenic springs of Mizhhirya Verkhovyna can be considered significant natural monuments of
Transcarpathia region. However, regardless of the nature protection status of most hard-water iron
springs (they are hydrological monuments of nature of local importance), they often suffer from
human’s improvement, illegal water extraction, high recreational load etc. Thus, they need applicating
of conservation measures and nature protection management planning.
Keywords: tufagenic biote, cyanobacterias, bryophytes, hard-water springs, calcareous tufa
(travertines), rare habitats.