Page 198 - Proceedings of the State Natural History Museum. Issue 37 (Lviv, 2021)

Іs clytini monophyletic? The evidence from five-gene phylogenetic … 197

Figure 4. Phylogenetic subtree of Chlorophorini, trib. nov. based on 12S rRNA, 16S
rRNA, COI, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA genes sequences phylogeny. The branch support SH-like
values are shown with the threshold rule SH>0.50.

Discussion

The current study has clearly shown that Clytini s.l. is nonmonophyletic, which confirms
the ideas of previous studies [25, 39]. Grebennikov and al. suggested polyphyly of Clytini
s.l. due to placement of Obriini Mulsant, 1839 within them on the phylogenetic tree [25].
However, this model is not confirmed by the current study or the results of Lee & Lee [39].
I fully agree with the definition of Lee & Lee [39] that Clytini s.l. is paraphyletic when
Anagliptini included in the analysis. However, my findings show deeper differences between
clades than paraphilia, indicating the polyphyletic nature of Clytini s.l. According this,
Clytini s.l. constitutes two well-separated clades, which are considered as separate tribes:
Clytini, trib. sensu nov. and Chlorophorini, trib. nov. The results show that the molecular
difference between Clytini, trib. sensu nov. and Chlorophorini, trib. nov. strongly
corresponds to the morphological differences between them. In particular, Chlorophorini,
trib. nov. easily distinguished from Clytini, trib. sensu nov. by following features: 1) narrow
forehead with closely spaced antenna bases; 2) metepimera four times longer than wider. In
contrast, Clytini, trib. sensu nov. has wide forehead, widely separated antenna and twice as
long as wider metepimera [7, 17, 58].
All three tribes Anaglyptini, Clytini, trib. sensu nov. and Chlorophorini, trib. nov. are
closely related and constitute large monophyletic superclade. I considered it as supertribe
Chlorophoritae, supertrib. nov. This confirmed an idea of Leconte & Horn [37] who divided
Clytini on three groups of genera: "Anaglypti" = Anaglyptini, "Cliti" = Clytini, trib. sensu