Page 192 - Proceedings of the State Natural History Museum. Issue 37 (Lviv, 2021)

Наукові записки Державного природознавчого музею. Випуск 37 (Львів, 2021)
Proceedings of the State Natural History Museum. Issue 37 (Lviv, 2021)

Ентомологія

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36885/nzdpm.2021.37.191-214

UDC 57.065:592/599:595.768.11

1
Zamoroka A. M.

IS CLYTINI MONOPHYLETIC? THE EVIDENCE FROM FIVE-GENE
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS.

Tribe Clytini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is one of the largest within the long horn beetles, having
over 1500 species. Until now, the tribe was considered monophyletic, despite the fact that it combines
several different morphological groups. Morphological data alone could not shed enough light on the
taxonomy and phylogeny of Clytini. The data for the last decade on molecular phylogenetics have
challenged the Clytini monophyletic hypothesis. In this study, I conducted a comprehensive
phylogenetic analysis of Clytini based on the three mitochondrial genes 12S rRNA 16S rRNA COI and
two nuclear genes 18S rRNA 28S rRNA. The results of the analysis with high reliability confirmed the
hypothesis of polyphyly of Clytini. The tribe includes two phylogenetically different and
morphologically distinct evolutionary branches, which gave me reason to conduct a taxonomic revision
of Clytini. I proposed new nomenclature acts including 1 new supertribe, 1 new tribe, 4 new subtribes,
3 new genera, 4 new subgenera, 3 new statuses, 22 new combinations, 2 new synonyms. In addition, I
redescribed 1 tribe and 3 genera.
Key words: Cerambycidae, phylogeny, new taxa.

Tribe Clytini Mulsant, 1839 belongs to Cerambycinae subfamily within the long horn
beetles. It includes around 80 genera and over 1,500 species. Dozens of new species of Clytini
are described annually, and their actual number may exceed 2,000 species. The largest genera
are Demonax Thomson, 1861 (≈465 species), Chlorophorus Chevrolat, 1863 (≈279 species),
Xylotrechus Chevrolat, 1860 (≈270 species), Rhaphuma Pascoe, 1858 (≈223 species),
Perissus Chevrolat, 1863 (≈92 species) [65]. The enormous diversity of the tribe complicates
its taxonomy, which needs to be revised, especially in the light of the recent studies [25, 39].
Intra- and extratribal phylogenies of the current Clytini are intricate and unclear.
Mulsant established tribe Clytini [Clytaires], dividing it on three morphological groups:
Plagionotus Mulsant, 1839, Clytus Mulsant, 1839 and Anaglyptus Mulsant, 1839 [46].
Essentially, he used two key morphological features for separating mentioned groups. These
include 1) shape of pronotum and 2) sculpture of elytra. Accordingly, Plagionotus differs from
Clytus and Anaglyptus in transverse pronotum. And the last two differ from each other in the
sculpture of elytra. Clytus elytra without basal depression. In contrast, Anaglyptus elytra with
basal depression. In fact, Mulsant believed that Clytus and Anaglyptus were more related each
other than to Plagionotus. According to his ideas, Clytus and Anaglyptus had a common feature
– subspherical or subovoidal pronotal shape [46]. Contrary to Mulsant, Leconte & Horn
emphasized the relations between two groups "Cyllenes" and "Clity" [37]. They stated that
metepimera of both groups extend over hind angles of the 1st ventrite. In contrast, "Anaglypti"
metepimera do not reach the hind angles of the 1st ventrite. All three groups of genera were
placed in the tribe Clytini [37]. This system was widespread during the first half of XX century
[28, 29, 57, 58] until Knull separated tribe Anaglyptini from Clytini [32].
Molecular phylogeny studies of the longhorn beetles from the early 2000s challenged the
idea that Clytini is monophyletic. In particular, Yoon and al. [74], on the basis of COI and
16S rRNA studies, demonstrated non-monophyly of Clytini in many cases. Although only
three species were included in their analysis Chlorophorus diadema Motschulsky, 1853,